Problematika Hukum Pelayanan Kesehatan dalam Perspektif Penegakan Disiplin Profesi Berdasarkan Permenkes No. 3 Tahun 2025

Indra Widjayanto

Abstract


Pelayanan kesehatan merupakan hak fundamental warga negara yang dijamin dalam UUD 1945 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Namun, dalam praktiknya, pelayanan kesehatan kerap menghadapi problematika hukum yang berkaitan dengan dugaan pelanggaran disiplin profesi. Terbitnya Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan (Permenkes) Nomor 3 Tahun 2025 tentang Penegakan Disiplin Profesi Tenaga Medis dan Tenaga Kesehatan menjadi instrumen hukum pelaksanaan baru yang mengubah paradigma pengawasan dari berbasis organisasi profesi menjadi terpusat pada pemerintah (Majelis Disiplin Profesi). Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) mengidentifikasi problematika hukum dalam pelayanan kesehatan pasca perubahan regulasi disiplin profesi; (2) menganalisis sinkronisasi Permenkes No. 3 Tahun 2025 dengan UU No. 17 Tahun 2023; dan (3) menawarkan alternatif solusi pemecahan masalah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa problematika utama bukan lagi pada irisan kewenangan dengan organisasi profesi, melainkan pada potensi kekaburan norma antara pelanggaran "etik murni" dan "disiplin" dalam mekanisme peradilan profesi yang baru, serta ketiadaan hukum acara yang rigid untuk menjamin hak pembelaan diri tenaga kesehatan. Sinkronisasi dengan UU Kesehatan dan KUHP (terkait pidana medis) memerlukan aturan turunan yang lebih teknis untuk mencegah kriminalisasi berlebihan. Untuk itu, diperlukan penguatan regulasi terkait hukum acara disiplin, penerapan prinsip restorative justice yang terintegrasi, serta penegasan batas yurisdiksi antara kelalaian administratif, pelanggaran disiplin, dan tindak pidana.

Abstract: Healthcare is a fundamental right of citizens guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution and Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. However, in practice, health services often face legal problems related to alleged violations of professional discipline. The issuance of Minister of Health Regulation (Permenkes) Number 3 of 2025 concerning the Enforcement of Professional Discipline for Medical and Health Workers has become a new legal instrument that changes the paradigm of supervision from being based on professional organizations to being centered on the government (Professional Disciplinary Council). This study aims to: (1) identify legal issues in health services after changes in professional discipline regulations; (2) analyze the synchronization of Permenkes No. 3 of 2025 with Law No. 17 of 2023; and (3) offer alternative solutions to the problems. The research method used is normative juridical with a statute approach and conceptual approach. The results of the study show that the main problem is no longer the intersection of authority with professional organizations, but rather the potential ambiguity of norms between “pure ethical” and “disciplinary” violations in the new professional court mechanism, as well as the absence of rigid procedural laws to guarantee the right of defense for health workers. Synchronization with the Health Law and the Criminal Code (related to medical crimes) requires more technical derivative regulations to prevent excessive criminalization. To that end, it is necessary to strengthen regulations related to disciplinary procedural law, apply integrated principles of restorative justice, and clarify the jurisdictional boundaries between administrative negligence, disciplinary violations, and criminal acts

Keywords


pelayanan kesehatan, disiplin profesi, Permenkes No. 3 Tahun 2025, UU Kesehatan, Restorative Justice.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24167/sjhk.v11i2.14201

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