Rekam Medik Elektronik: Pengaruh era society 5.0 di Bidang Hukum Kesehatan

Abstract

Era Society 5.0 mendorong digitalisasi sektor kesehatan, termasuk melalui implementasi Rekam Medik Elektronik (RME) sebagai upaya meningkatkan efisiensi layanan, integrasi data, dan dukungan klinis berbasis teknologi. Penelitian ini mengkaji peluang dan tantangan penerapan RME dari perspektif hukum kesehatan di Indonesia, dengan pendekatan hukum normatif dan studi perbandingan internasional. RME terbukti mendukung efisiensi administrasi, akses data real-time, serta penggunaan kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam pengambilan keputusan medis. Namun, tantangan hukum muncul dalam bentuk perlindungan data pribadi pasien, ketidakjelasan kepemilikan data, serta belum adanya regulasi eksplisit terkait tanggung jawab hukum atas kegagalan sistem. Analisis terhadap Undang undang  nomer 17 tahun 2023 tentang kesahatan , UU Perlindungan Data Pribadi, dan Permenkes tentang Rekam Medis menunjukkan bahwa regulasi saat ini masih terbatas dan belum menyentuh kompleksitas hukum digital. Perbandingan dengan negara seperti Estonia, Korea Selatan, dan Jepang menunjukkan perlunya sistem hukum yang lebih adaptif dan terintegrasi.

Studi ini merekomendasikan penyusunan regulasi khusus RME, pembentukan lembaga pengawas digital kesehatan, serta penguatan kapasitas dan infrastruktur untuk memastikan hak pasien terlindungi dalam sistem digital.

Abstract: The Society 5.0 era accelerates the digitalization of the healthcare sector, including the implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) as a means to enhance service efficiency, data integration, and technology-based clinical decision support. This study examines the opportunities and challenges of EMR implementation from the perspective of health law in Indonesia, employing a normative legal approach and international comparative analysis. EMRs have been shown to support administrative efficiency, real-time data access, and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical decision-making. Nevertheless, legal challenges arise in relation to the protection of patients’ personal data, the ambiguity of data ownership, and the absence of explicit regulations governing legal liability for system failures. An analysis of Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health, the Personal Data Protection Law, and the Minister of Health Regulation on Medical Records indicates that the current regulatory framework remains limited and has yet to adequately address the complexities of digital health law. A comparative review of regulatory practices in Estonia, South Korea, and Japan underscores the need for a more adaptive and integrated legal system.

This study recommends the enactment of a specific regulatory framework governing EMRs, the establishment of a dedicated digital health supervisory authority, and the strengthening of institutional capacity and infrastructure to ensure effective protection of patients’ rights within digital health systems.