Analysis of Development Inequality and Economic Convergence in the Bodetabek Region 2018–2024

Loula Lourinsa, Nenik Woyanti

Abstract


Economic development in the Bodetabek (Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi) region plays a strategic role in supporting national economic growth. The concentration of economic activity, investment, labor absorption, and infrastructure development is uneven. This leads to development inequality between regions. This study aims to analyze the level of development inequality, test for the occurrence of ẞ-convergence and o-convergence, and identify the influence of investment, labor, and infrastructure on economic growth in the Bodetabek region. The study uses quantitative secondary data from eight regencies/cities in the Bodetabek region during the 2018-2024 period. Data were obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and various official government publications. The analytical methods used include the Williamson Index, ẞ-convergence analysis, o-convergence analysis, and panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach. The results show that the level of development inequality in the Bodetabek region is still relatively high. The ẞ-convergence analysis shows that there is no economic convergence, as indicated by a positive and insignificant beta coefficient, thus indicating a tendency for economic divergence. The a-convergence analysis also shows that inter-regional income disparities persist, as indicated by a very small decrease in sigma values over the study period. Panel data regression results indicate that investment has a positive and significant effect on economic growth, while labor and infrastructure have no significant effect.

Abstrak: Pembangunan ekonomi di kawasan Bodetabek (Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi) memiliki peran strategis dalam mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Namun, konsentrasi aktivitas ekonomi, investasi, penyerapan tenaga kerja, dan pembangunan infrastruktur masih belum merata. Kondisi ini menyebabkan ketimpangan pembangunan antarwilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat ketimpangan pembangunan, menguji terjadinya konvergensi beta (β-konvergensi) dan konvergensi sigma (σ-konvergensi), serta mengidentifikasi pengaruh investasi, tenaga kerja, dan infrastruktur terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di kawasan Bodetabek.

Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder kuantitatif dari delapan kabupaten/kota di kawasan Bodetabek selama periode 2018–2024. Data diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan berbagai publikasi resmi pemerintah. Metode analisis yang digunakan meliputi Indeks Williamson, analisis β-konvergensi, analisis σ-konvergensi, serta regresi data panel dengan pendekatan Fixed Effect Model (FEM).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat ketimpangan pembangunan di kawasan Bodetabek masih tergolong tinggi. Analisis β-konvergensi menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi konvergensi ekonomi, sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh koefisien beta yang bernilai positif dan tidak signifikan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan adanya kecenderungan divergensi ekonomi. Analisis σ-konvergensi juga menunjukkan bahwa kesenjangan pendapatan antarwilayah masih berlangsung, yang ditandai oleh penurunan nilai sigma yang sangat kecil selama periode penelitian. Hasil regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa investasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, sedangkan tenaga kerja dan infrastruktur tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi


Keywords


Development Inequality; Economic Convergence; Williamson Index

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24167/jemap.v9i2.15760

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