Dampak POJMitigasi Risiko Kredit Perbankan di Indonesia: Analisis Empiris Implementasi POJK 17/2023K 17/2023 dan Karakteristik Bank Terhadap Non-Performing Loan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2021-2024

Tirza Andriasa Estevania

Abstract


Non-Performing Loans (NPL) serve as a critical indicator of banking credit quality and risk exposure, prompting regulatory interventions such as POJK 17/2023 on commercial bank governance. This study examines the effects of POJK 17/2023, BOPO, ROA, income diversification, and the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) on the NPL of commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2021 to 2024. Using empirical analysis, the results indicate that POJK 17/2023 and income diversification have significant negative effects on NPL, demonstrating that enhanced governance and broader revenue streams successfully reduce non-performing loans. Furthermore, ROA and CAR significantly affect NPL, whereas BOPO shows no significant impact. These findings confirm that NPL control relies on both regulatory compliance and internal banking conditions. Practically, this study serves as an objective policy evaluation of POJK 17/2023 and provides strategic credit risk mitigation guidelines for IDX-listed banks to optimize their internal financial characteristics.


Keywords


Non-Performing Loan, POJK, Financial Ratios, Credit Risk Mitigation

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adem, M. (2023). Impact of income diversification on bank stability: a cross-country analysis. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 8(2), 133–144. Diakses dari https://www.emerald.com/ajar/article-media/60039/pdfviewer/357049

Ahmed, S., Majeed, M., Thalassinos, E., & Thalassinos, Y. (2021). The Impact of Bank Specific and Macro-Economic Factors on Non-Performing Loans in the Banking Sector: Evidence from an Emerging Economy. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(5), 217. Diakses dari https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/14/5/217

Andrianto. (2020). Manajemen Kredit Teori dan Konsep Bagi Bank Umum. Diakses dari https://repository.um-surabaya.ac.id/id/eprint/4194/1/Andrianto_-_Manajemen_Kredit_Book.pdf

Andrianto, Fatihuddin, D., & Firmansyah, A. (2019). MANAJEMEN BANK. Qiara Media.

Baltagi, B. (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data (Third Edition). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Diakses dari https://library.wbi.ac.id/repository/27.pdf

Bank Indonesia. (2004). Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor: 6/10/Pbi/2004 Tentang Sistem Penilaian Tingkat Kesehatan Bank Umum. Diakses dari https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/137709/peraturan-bi-no-610pbi2004

Bank Indonesia. (2005). Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 7/2/Pbi/2005 Tentang Penilaian Aktiva Bank Umum. Diakses dari https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/137781/peraturan-bi-no-72pbi2005

Bank Indonesia (2011). Surat Edaran Bank Indonesia No.13/24/DPNP tanggal 25 Oktober 2011, tentang Matriks Perhitungan Analisis Komponen Faktor Analisis RGEC untuk Bank Umum. Diakses dari https://ojk.go.id/id/kanal/perbankan/regulasi/surat-edaran-bank-indonesia/Documents/73.pdf

Berger, A. N., & Deyoung, R. (1997). Problem loans and cost efficiency in commercial banks. Journal of BANKING & ELSEVIER FINANCE Journal of Banking & Finance, 21, 849–870. Diakses dari https://l1nq.com/uac9m

Berger, A. N., & Humphrey, D. B. (1997). Efficiency of Financial Institutions: International Survev and Directions for Future Research. Journal of Operational Research. Diakses dari http://ssrn.com/abstract=2140https://ssrn.com/abstract=2140http://ssrn.com/abstract=2140

BPK. (1998). Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 7 Tahun 1998 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 1998 Tentang Anggaran Pendapatan Dan Belanja Negara Tahun Anggaran 1998/1999. Diakses dari https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/45431/uu-no-3-tahun-1998

Connelly, B. L., Certo, S. T., Ireland, R. D., & Reutzel, C. R. (2011). Signaling theory: A review and assessment. In Journal of Management (Vol. 37, Issue 1, pp. 39–67). Diakses dari https://www.scribd.com/document/595815808/Signaling-Theory-A-Review-and-Assessment

Dewi, D. S. K. (2022). Buku Ajar Kebijakan Publik: Proses, Implementasi dan Evaluasi. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Samudra Biru. https://eprints.umpo.ac.id/10663/1/Buku%20Ajar%20Kebijakan%20Publik.pdf

Elsas, R., Hackethal, A., & Holzhäuser, M. (2010). The anatomy of bank diversification. Journal of Banking & Finance, 34(6), 1274–1287. Diakses dari https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/104458/1/lmu-dpba_2006-01.pdf

Fauzan, R., Wishanesta, I. K. D., Ruswaji, Nasution, T., Damanik, D., Wahyuarini, T., Faliza, N., Sudirjo, F., Manan, M. A., & Sofyanty, D. (2023). Manajemen perbankan. PT Global Eksekutif Teknologi. Diakses dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371968822_MANAJEMEN_PERBANKAN#fullTextFileContent

Ferreira, C. (2022). Determinants of Non-performing Loans: A Panel Data Approach. International Advances in Economic Research, 28(3–4), 133–153. Diakses dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365706842_Determinants_of_Non-performing_Loans_A_Panel_Data_Approach#fullTextFileContent

Foglia, M. (2022). Non-Performing Loans and Macroeconomics Factors: The Italian Case. Risks, 10(1), 21. Diakses dari https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/10/1/21

Garcia, G. G. (1997). Protecting bank deposits. International Monetary Fund. Diakses dari https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/issues9/issue9.pdf

Gujarati, D. (2003). BASIC ECONOMETRICS. McGraw-Hill. Diakses dari http://zalamsyah.staff.unja.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/sites/286/2019/11/7-Basic-Econometrics-4th-Ed.-Gujarati.pdf

Ikatan Akuntansi Indonesia (IAI). (2002). Standar Akuntansi Keuangan, PSAK Nomor 31, Perbankan. Diakses dari https://alengwee.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/psak-31-akuntansi-perbankan.pdf

Jurmansyah, M., & Sriyanto, A. (2010). Analisis Pengaruh Car, Bopo Dan Roa Terhadap Non Performance Loan. Diakses dari https://journal.budiluhur.ac.id/akeu/article/view/374/317

Karim, M. Z. A., Chan, S. G., & Hassan, S. (2010). Bank efficiency and non-performing loans: Evidence from malaysia and Singapore. Prague Economic Papers, 2, 118–132. Diakses dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46560594_Bank_Efficiency_and_Non-Performing_Loans_Evidence_from_Malaysia_and_Singapore#fullTextFileContent

Kupiec, P., & Lee, Y. (2012). What factors explain differences in return on assets among community banks? Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Diakses dari https://www.fdic.gov/system/files/2024-06/cbi-roa.pdf

Le, T. T., Nguyen, Q. A., Vu, T. M. N., Do, M. P., & Tran, M. D. (2022). Impact of income diversification on the default risk of Vietnamese commercial banks in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cogent Business and Management, 9(1). Diakses dari https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/23311975.2022.2119679?needAccess=true

Lubis, D. D., & Mulyana, B. (2021). The Macroeconomic Effects on Non-Performing Loan and its Implication on Allowance for Impairment Losses. Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies, 3(2), 13–22. Diakses dari https://al-kindipublisher.com/index.php/jefas/article/view/1840/1503

Ludwian, R., & Soekarno. (2022). Management Behaviour Testing: Relationship of Non-Performing Loan and Operational Efficiency Ratio in the Indonesia Banking Sector. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 05(06). Diakses dari https://ijcsrr.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/44-25-2022.pdf

Margaretha, F., & Kalista, V. (2016). Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Non Performing Loan Pada Bank Di Indonesia. Jurnal Kesejahteraan Sosial Maret, 3(1), 65–80. Diakses dari https://sl1nk.com/cTSV3

Martiningtiyas, C. R., & Nitinegeri, D. T. (2020). The Effect of Non-Performing Loans on Profitability in Banking Sector in Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Management, Accounting, and Economy (ICMAE 2020). Diakses dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345409459_The_Effect_of_Non-Performing_Loans_on_Profitability_in_Banking_Sector_in_Indonesia#fullTextFileContent

Menteri Negara Sekretaris Negara. (1998). UU No.10 tahun 1998, Tentang Perubahan Terhadap UU No.7 tahun 1992, Tentang Perbankan. Diakses dari https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/details/45486/uu-no-10-tahun-1998

Msomi, T. S. (2022). Factors affecting non-performing loans in commercial banks of selected West African countries. Banks and Bank Systems, 17(1), 1–12. Diakses dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357940146_Factors_affecting_non-performing_loans_in_commercial_banks_of_selected_West_African_countries#fullTextFileContent

Naili, M., & Lahrichi, Y. (2022). The determinants of banks’ credit risk: Review of the literature and future research agenda. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 27(1), 334–360. Diakses dari https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ijfe.2156

Nurhidayat, D., Adhiguna, E. T., Dewi, S., Pasha, N., & Sihombing, P. (2023). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Efisiensi & Covid-19 Terhadap Kredit Bermasalah Pada Ukuran Perusahaan Pada Tahun 2018-2021 Sebagai Variabel Moderating. Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 8(1), 2549–7685.

Octariza, N., & Azzahidi, M. R. (2023). Analisis Tarik-Menarik Otoritas Pengawasan Baitul Maal Wat-Tamwil (BMT) antara Kementerian Koperasi dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. ISLAMIKA, 5(3), 1104–1115. Diakses dari https://ejournal.stitpn.ac.id/index.php/islamika/article/view/3585

OJK. (2014). Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 29/Pojk.05/2014 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Usaha Perusahaan Pembiayaan. Diakses dari https://ojk.go.id/id/regulasi/otoritas-jasa-keuangan/peraturan-ojk/Documents/POJK29PenyelenggaraanUsahaPP_1417050270.pdf

OJK. (2023). Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 Tentang Penerapan Tata Kelola Bagi Bank Umum. Diakses dari https://ojk.go.id/id/regulasi/Documents/Pages/Penerapan-Tata-Kelola-Bagi-Bank-Umum/POJK%2017%20Tahun%202023.%20PENERAPAN%20TATA%20KELOLA%20BAGI%20BANK%20UMUM.pdf

Putri, U., Rinofah, R., & Mujino. (2020). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Dan Diversifikasi Pendapatan Terhadap Risiko Bank (Studi Pada Perusahaan Perbankan Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia). FOKUS, Volume 10 No, 1.

Safitri, N. W. N., Wiksuana, I. G. B., Candraningrat, I. R., & Baskara, I. G. K. (2023). The influence of market power and revenue diversification on the profitability and stability of Indonesian banking during the COVID-19 pandemic. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 11(4), 1495–1506.

Sany, M. A. I., & Lata, R. S. (2025). The Impact of Revenue Diversification on Bank Performance and Risk: Evidence from Bangladesh. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 7(1), 125–139. https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v7i1.2843

Sari, D. (2022). Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Non-Performing Loan (NPL) Pada Perusahaan Perbankan Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Diakses dari https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789/64991/1/DEWI%20RAT%20SARI-FEB.pdf

SEOJK No.14/SEOJK.03/2017. (2017). Surat Edaran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 14 /Seojk.03/2017 Tentang Penilaian Tingkat Kesehatan Bank Umum. Diakses dari https://ojk.go.id/id/kanal/perbankan/regulasi/surat-edaran-ojk/Documents/SAL%20SEOJK%2014%20Tingkat%20Kesehatan%20%20BU.pdf

Setiawan, R., & Arrafi, A. N. (2022). Pengaruh Diversifikasi Pendapatan Terhadap Profitabilitas Dan Risiko Bank Pada Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia Selama Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 10(2). Diakses dari https://stiemuttaqien.ac.id/ojs/index.php/OJS/article/view/644/447

Smith, K. B., & Larimer, C. W. (2009). The public policy theory primer. Westview Press. Diakses dari https://spada.uns.ac.id/pluginfile.php/662293/mod_resource/content/1/Teori%20Primer%20Kebijakan%20Publik.pdf

Spence, M. (1973). Job Market Signaling. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3), 355. Diakses dari https://www.sfu.ca/~allen/Spence.pdf

Spong, K., Sullivan, R. J., & Deyoung, R. (n.d.). What makes a bank efficient? A look at financial characteristics and bank management and ownership structure. Diakses dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5044090_What_makes_a_bank_efficient_A_look_at_financial_characteristics_and_bank_management_and_ownership_structure#fullTextFileContent

Stiroh, K. J. (2004). Diversification in Banking: Is Noninterest Income the Answer? Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 36(5), 853–882. Diakses dari https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/staff_reports/sr154.pdf

Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta. Diakses dari https://digi-lib.stekom.ac.id/assets/dokumen/ebook/feb_35efe6a47227d6031a75569c2f3f39d44fe2db43_1652079047.pdf

Supriyatun, Karyawati, D., Kusumawardhani, E., & Prayitno. (2023). Factors affecting capital adequacy ratio at commercial banks on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Perwira International Journal of Economics & Business, 3(1), 16–26. Diakses dari https://ejournal.unperba.ac.id/index.php/pijeb/article/view/376

Swandewi, N., & Purnawati, N. (2021). Capital Adequacy Ratio Mediates the Effect of Non-Performing Loan on Returns on Assets in Public Commercial Banks. In American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (Issue 5). Diakses dari https://www.ajhssr.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ZZX21501651656.pdf

Untari, P. (2024, December 31). Tutup 2024, Begini Keyakinan OJK Terhadap Kondisi Perbankan Indonesia. Diakses dari https://finansial.bisnis.com/read/20241231/90/1828075/tutup-2024-begini-keyakinan-ojk-terhadap-kondisi-perbankan-indonesia

Usman, B., Lestari, H. S., & Puspa, T. (2019). Determinants of capital adequacy ratio on banking industry: Evidence in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan, 23(3), 443–453. Diakses dari https://jurnal.unmer.ac.id/index.php/jkdp/article/view/2981

Van Meter, D. S., & Van Horn, C. E. (1975). The policy implementation process: A conceptual framework. Administration & Society, 6(4), 445–488. Diakses dari https://cil.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/b.-The-Policy-Implementation-Process-A-Conceptual-Process.pdf

Widiarti, A. W., Siregar, H., & Andati, T. (2015). The Determinants of Bank’s Efficiency In Indonesia. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter Dan Perbankan, 18(2), 129–156. Diakses dari https://bulletin.bmeb-bi.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1182&context=bmeb

Wood, A., & Skinner, N. (2019). Determinants of non-performing loans: evidence from commercial banks in Barbados. The Business and Management Review, 9. Diakses dari https://cberuk.com/cdn/conference_proceedings/2019-07-14-09-20-44-AM.pdf




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24167/jab.v24i2.16182



Print ISSN : 1412-775X | online ISSN : 2541-5204 JAB Stats